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发布于 2026-04-30 / 0 阅读
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【海洋可再生能源专刊】| 海洋能装备防腐与抗生物污损技术的研究进展

论文导读与观点概要


海洋能作为绿色可再生能源潜力巨大,但其装备在强腐蚀性与生物污损严重的海洋环境中长期安全运行面临严峻挑战。本文系统综述了海洋能装备防腐与抗生物污损技术的研究进展,旨在为装备的高效、可靠、绿色运行提供理论与技术支撑。

文章首先剖析了海洋环境中腐蚀与生物污损的形成机理及其对装备的危害,并重点总结了多种防护技术:防腐涂层(如环氧、聚氨酯及新型仿生贻贝涂层)、阴极保护(牺牲阳极与外加电流法),以及抗生物污损技术(包括物理清除、化学防污剂、电解防污、光催化涂层和仿生表面等)。针对海上风能、波浪能、潮汐能、海流能、温差能、盐差能和海上光伏等七类典型装备系统,文章提出了差异化的分区防护策略(图4-图10),并归纳于表5

研究指出当前技术面临四大核心挑战:单一材料环境通用性不足;长效防护与高昂运维成本难以兼顾;实验室模拟结果难以准确预测实际工程寿命;大量使用的有机聚合物涂料含有毒有害物质,存在生态风险。

展望未来,海洋能装备防护技术将朝着智能化、生态友好型、集成化和数字化方向深度融合。通过结合数字孪生、大数据与人工智能技术,构建实时监测与智能预警系统,实现从“被动应对”到“主动预判”的转变,并开发环境友好、长效可靠的新型防护材料与技术,是推动海洋能产业可持续发展的关键路径。


相关图表












未来展望


从当前研究趋势看,海洋能装备防腐与抗生物污损技术未来发展的核心方向在于数字孪生技术与实时监测系统的深度整合。这一趋势标志着传统的非在线检测模式正经历一场颠覆性的革新。过去,很多地方依靠人工定期巡查或实验室样本分析来检测设备,这种方式存在明显的时间差,无法实时追踪设备在复杂海洋环境中遭受的腐蚀与污损情况。现在,最新一代技术体系会在导管架、叶片及密封件等核心部件部署高密集度、超小型化的在线监测传感系统,动态采集腐蚀速度、涂层完整性、海洋生物附着密度等关键性能参数,同时记录水温、盐度、水流速度及波浪力等海洋环境要素。通过物联网技术,这些数据能实时传输和高效整合。和传统的方式不同,这种机制实现了从“消极应对”向“积极预判”的转变,为风险的早期识别与预警打下了坚实基础。依托数字孪生技术架构,大数据分析与人工智能算法的深度融合,能增强系统的安全防护效能与设备运维管理水平,在装备剩余寿命预测及智能决策支持领域具有很大应用价值。传统的预防性维护模式依赖预设的固定检修周期,容易出现两种问题:一是过度维护,造成资金和资源浪费;二是维护疏漏,可能引发设备突发性故障。未来的技术生态里,会构建一个贯穿装备完整服役周期的数据中枢,融合多维度信息资源,比如实时采集的设备运行状态数据、海洋环境历史记录、装备初始设计参数、材料性能指标,还有日常维护与故障处理档案。借助大数据技术对多源异构信息进行清洗、整合与挖掘,能揭示不同海洋环境下腐蚀与污损现象的内在规律。融合机器学习算法后,不仅可以识别早期腐蚀的微弱信号特征,还能依据设备失效历史数据构建剩余寿命预测模型,评估防护涂层剩余使用寿命以及关键部件风险等级。在此基础上,人工智能技术能为预防性维护策略提供智能决策支持。比如说,当系统预测到某区域涂层将在未来数月内失效时,会综合考量海洋气象条件、现有运维资源等因素,自动生成最优的维修时机、材料选择以及修复范围方案,实现更精准高效的运维管理目标。

从长远的发展规划和实际产业应用来看,未来的技术体系会更强调不同领域之间的配合与智能技术的结合,还会通过把不同学科的知识深度融合来解决一些关键难题。传统的化学防污剂虽然能在短时间内阻止海洋生物附着在设备表面,但它可能会对海洋环境造成污染,这和海洋能源持续发展的核心理念是冲突的。在构建对环境友好的防护系统时,智能技术会和生态防护的方法结合得更紧密。比如研究人员参考了天然防污物质的工作原理,制作了一种能根据情况自动反应的缓慢释放装置。这个装置用数字孪生技术,能实时观察和判断表面有没有生物附着。当观察到的数据到了提前设定的警戒值时,装置就会精准释放少量防污剂,这样就不会像传统方法那样一次性使用过多化学药剂,减少了对生态的危害。面对深海、极地这些特殊地方的防护问题,需要把不同学科的知识和力量集中起来。材料学领域在研究能承受高压、抵抗低温变化还能自己修复的新型涂层;海洋工程学科通过分析结构力学,给防护系统提供重要的数据支持;人工智能领域在研究能在恶劣数据环境下正常工作的抗干扰计算方法;生态学研究则在评估各种防护措施对生态系统的影响,确保这些措施不会破坏环境

综上所述,海洋能装备防腐与抗生物污损技术的未来发展,会朝着数字化、智能化和生态友好型的方向发展,依靠数字孪生、大数据、虚拟仿真这些先进技术,改变传统防护方法被动应对的局面。这些技术不仅能让装备更可靠,防护效果更持久,还能通过收集不同海域的实际运行数据,找出防护系统失效的原因和薄弱的地方,为技术更新提供依据。长远来看,这些技术突破会推动海洋能产业实现绿色、高效和持续发展,降低整体的开发成本,助力“双碳”目标的实现。同时还能让中国在海洋能源技术领域的国际竞争力更强,为建设海洋强国提供关键的技术支持。


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本文引用格式:肖忠, 鲍清云, 韩佳岐, 等. 海洋能装备防腐与抗生物污损技术的研究进展[J]. 海洋工程, 2026, 44(2): 38-63.  (XIAO Zhong, BAO Qingyun, HAN Jiaqi, et al. Research progress on anti-corrosion and anti-biofouling technologies for marine energy equipment[J]. The Ocean Engineering, 2026, 44(2): 38-63.  (in Chinese))


作者简介:肖忠   



肖忠,天津大学教授,博士生导师。2009年博士毕业留校任教,现为天津大学建筑工程学院港口工程系支部书记、系副主任,海洋科学与技术学院院长助理(实岗锻炼)。入选国家级青年人才、交通运输部人才计划、天津市“131”创新型人才培养工程。兼任世界交通运输大会技术委员会委员,天津市交通运输委员会专家委员会常务委员,天津市水运工程学会理事,中交工程软件技术研发中心技术委员会委员和内河航道整治技术交通运输行业重点实验室学术委员会委员,SCI和SSCI双检国际期刊Sustainability编委,《海洋工程》和《水利水运工程学报》青年编委等。长期从事港航和海洋构筑物的安全性、耐久性和环保智能建设与运维技术研究。作为第一完成人获天津市科学技术进步二等奖,主要完成人获中国水运建设行业协会科学技术特等奖、“海河杯”天津市优秀勘察设计一等奖、天津市科学技术进步二等奖、青岛市科学技术进步二等奖和广东省优秀工程勘察设计一等奖等。


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END





期刊简介



Introduction





《海洋工程》是中国科学技术协会主管,中国海洋学会主办,南京水利科学研究院和上海交通大学承办的综合性中文科技期刊,双月刊,创刊于1983年现已成为我国海洋工程领域具有较大影响力的学术期刊。报道范围涵盖深海工程、近海工程、海上风电工程、河口海岸工程、港口航道工程、海洋能源利用工程、海底矿产资源开发工程、水下工程、潜水救捞技术等。
《海洋工程》立足于自身定位,突出刊物特色,遵循理论与实践相结合的原则,在内容上理论性与实用性兼顾。贯彻科学技术要面向生产,为国民经济建设服务和“百花齐放,百家争鸣”的方针,交流科研成果,开展学术讨论,为提高我国海洋工程的科学技术水平,促进我国海洋资源的开发利用作出积极贡献。



本刊是全国中文核心期刊,中国科技核心期刊,《中国科学引文数据库》(CSCD)核心期刊,CSCIED科技核心期刊,美国《剑桥科学文摘》(CSA)、日本科学技术振兴机构数据库(JST)、科技期刊世界影响力指数(WJCI)等收录期刊,中国科技论文统计源期刊等。


先后荣获中国国际影响力优秀学术期刊、国家级优秀海洋期刊、学术影响力进步期刊、第八届华东地区优秀期刊、江苏期刊明珠奖·优秀期刊(2025)、中国科技期刊卓越行动计划二期集群(集团)化试点项目(A类)集群期刊、中国科协高水平中文期刊培育项目资助等荣誉。



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