总的来说,核酸药物作为现代生物医药领域的第三大类药物,正以前所未有的速度和力度重塑着全球医药产业的格局。从最初通过阻断机制干预罕见遗传病,到利用沉默机制攻克心血管慢病,再到借助表达平台应对突发传染病,核酸药物完成了一场从补充蛋白到调控生命的壮丽跨越。其精准靶向基因的独特机制打破了传统药物的靶点限制,平台化研发模式则极大缩短了新药开发周期。当前,全球核酸药物市场正处于从罕见病治疗向常见病普及的历史性拐点。中国创新力量在这场浪潮中,正从早期的跟随者逐步转变为并跑者,并在部分前沿领域展现出领跑者的姿态。面向未来,随着肝外递送技术的逐一攻克、口服给药系统的成熟以及联合治疗策略的深入探索,核酸药物有望进一步扩大其治疗边界。随着技术的不断进步与临床数据的积累,小核酸药物有望成为慢性病领域、肿瘤领域等疾病精准治疗的重要突破口,从而为患者提供更有效、更安全、更个性化的治疗选择。参考文献:[1] Sun D, Tan W, Zhao J, et al. Delivery of nucleic acid drugs for tumor therapy: Opportunities and challenges. Fundam Res. 2024 Jan 30;5(6):2948-2959. doi: 10.1016/j.fmre.2023.11.020.[2] Liu M, Wang Y, Zhang Y, et al. Landscape of small nucleic acid therapeutics: moving from the bench to the clinic as next-generation medicines. Signal Transduct Target Ther. 2025 Mar 10;10(1):73. doi: 10.1038/s41392-024-02112-8.[3] Bennett CF, Swayze EE. RNA targeting therapeutics: molecular mechanisms of antisense oligonucleotides as a therapeutic platform. Annu Rev Pharmacol Toxicol. 2010;50:259-93. doi: 10.1146/annurev.pharmtox.010909.105654.[4] Finkel RS, Mercuri E, Darras BT, et al. Nusinersen versus Sham Control in Infantile-Onset Spinal Muscular Atrophy. N Engl J Med. 2017 Nov 2;377(18):1723-1732. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1702752.[5] Springer AD, Dowdy SF. GalNAc-siRNA Conjugates: Leading the Way for Delivery of RNAi Therapeutics. Nucleic Acid Ther. 2018 Jun;28(3):109-118. doi: 10.1089/nat.2018.0736.立即扫码加入药事纵横交流群