《海洋预报》| 基于小型休闲船舶的海洋休闲渔业专题海浪预报等级划分

基于小型休闲船舶的海洋休闲渔业专题海浪预报等级划分

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作者：冯楚涵^{1 2} 韩屹^{1 2} 马超³ 王豹^{1 2} 王斌^{1 2} 刘英明⁴

单位：

1. 卫星海洋环境监测预警全国重点实验室(国家海洋环境预报中心), 北京 100081;
2. 自然资源部海洋灾害预报技术重点实验室, 北京 100081;
3. 中国星网数字科技有限公司, 河北保定 071700;
4. 北京华云通合科技发展有限公司, 北京 100081

分类号：P731.33

出版年·卷·期（页码）：2026·43·第一期（45-55）

摘要：选取5～20 m的主流休闲船舶船型，从乘船安全性和乘船舒适性方面分析船型差异化的出海响应机制，基于模糊综合评价法构建专题海浪预报等级体系。结果表明：静稳区间（有效波高≤0.5 m）的船舶适航性为Ⅰ～Ⅱ级，乘船体验优，可依据0.3 m临界值优化船型乘船体验；扰动区间（有效波高为 0.5～1.5 m）的船舶适航性为Ⅲ~Ⅴ级，船体稳定性降低、乘船体验变差，可触发舒适性预警；风险区间（有效波高≥1.5 m）的适航性为Ⅴ～Ⅷ级，会触发系统性禁航阈值，可按船型分级禁航。

关键词：海洋休闲渔业专题海浪预警报等级体系船型差异化模糊综合评价有效波高

Abstract：This study analyzes the response mechanisms of mainstream recreational vessel types with a vessel length of 5～20 m to sea conditions from perspectives of boating safety and riding comfort, and constructs a specialized wave forecasting grade system based on the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method. The results show that in the static stability interval (significant wave height ≤0.5 m), seaworthiness is rated class Ⅰ～Ⅱ, with excellent boating experience, furthermore, the riding comfort of vessel types can be optimized based on 0.3 m critical value. In the disturbance interval (significant wave height is 0.5～1.5 m), seaworthiness is rated class Ⅲ ～Ⅴ, where hull stability and boating experience deteriorate, triggering a comfort-based early warning. In the risk interval (significant wave height ≥1.5 m), seaworthiness is rated class Ⅴ～Ⅷ, triggering a systemic navigation ban threshold, with graded navigation restrictions enforced by vessel type.

Key words：marine recreational fisheries; specialized wave forecasting grade system; vessel-type differentiation; fuzzy comprehensive evaluation; significant wave height